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multifocal electroretinography

Eye Care ≈ ¥300-800 (≈ $45-120) 30 min

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Description

Estimated cost for multifocal electroretinography at general public hospitals in China is about ¥210-640, and at Grade 3A hospitals about ¥300-800, varying by hospital tier and region.

Main Uses

Objective, topographic assessment of localized retinal function—particularly macular and perimacular photoreceptor and bipolar cell activity; early detection and monitoring of inherited retinal diseases (e.g., RP, Stargardt disease); differential diagnosis of maculopathies when structural imaging (OCT) is inconclusive; evaluation of functional integrity before and after retinal surgery or gene therapy; assessment of retinal toxicity (e.g., hydroxychloroquine screening); and research applications in neuro-ophthalmology and clinical trials.

Normal Range

No universal absolute numerical 'normal range' exists for mfERG amplitudes or implicit times, as values are highly dependent on stimulus parameters (e.g., hexagon size, luminance, number of rings), recording equipment, age, and retinal eccentricity. Typically, first-order kernel P1 amplitude decreases progressively from central (ring 1: ~10–25 nV/deg² in healthy adults aged 20–40) to peripheral rings (ring 5: ~2–6 nV/deg²); implicit time remains relatively stable across rings (~25–35 ms for P1). Normative databases are vendor- and lab-specific; results are interpreted by comparing patient responses to age-matched controls using statistical probability maps (e.g., p < 5% or p < 1% deviation).

Low Values - Possible Causes

Retinitis pigmentosa, age-related macular degeneration (geographic atrophy or advanced neovascular AMD), diabetic retinopathy (especially macular ischemia), optic neuropathies with retinal ganglion cell involvement (e.g., dominant optic atrophy), choroideremia, cone-rod dystrophy, and toxic retinopathies (e.g., hydroxychloroquine, vigabatrin).

High Values - Possible Causes

True pathologically elevated mfERG amplitudes are exceedingly rare and not clinically recognized as a distinct entity; apparent 'high' values usually reflect technical artifacts (e.g., excessive pupil dilation, improper refractive correction, electrode misplacement, stimulus calibration error) or physiological variants in young children (<10 years) with heightened photoreceptor sensitivity; no validated disease states cause genuinely increased mfERG amplitudes.

multifocal electroretinogram retinal function test diagnostic ophthalmology test

≈ ¥300-800

≈ $45-120

Duration: 30 min